p561fig15.31 The CS activates a population of striosomal cells that respond with different delays in order to enable adaptively timed inhibition of the SNc.<BR>||  Expectation timing (Fiala, Grossberg, Bulloch 1996; Grossberg, Merrill 1992, 1996; Grossberg, Schmajuk 1989).  How do cells bridge hundreds of milliseconds?  Timing spectrum (msec).  1. CS activates a population of cells with delayed transient signals: MGluR.  2. Each has a different delay, so that the range of delays covers the entire interval.  3. Delayed transients gate both learning and read-out of expectations.