p505fig13.33 An unexpected event can disconfirm ongoing processing by triggering a burst of nonspecific arousal that causes antagonistic rebounds in currently active gated dipoles, whether cognitive or affective.<BR>||  Novelty reset: rebound to arousal onset.  1. Equilibrate to I and J: S1 = f(I+J);  y1 = A*B/(A+S1); S2 = f(I+J);  y2 = A*B/(A+S2);.  2. Keep phasic input J fixed; increase arousal I to I* = I + ∆I: (a) OFF reaction if T1 < T2;  OFF = T2 - T1 = f(I*+J)*y2 - f(I*)*y1 = { A*B*(f(I*) - f(I*+J)) - B*(f(I*)*f(I+J) - f(I)*f(I*+J)) } / (A+f(I)) / (A + f(I+J)).  3. How to interpret this complicated equation?