p428fig12.25 (left architecture) Auditory-articulatory feedback loop whereby babbled sounds active learning in an imitative map that is later used to learn to reproduce the sounds of other speakers.  An articulatory-to-auditory expectation renders learning possible by making the auditory and motor data dimensionally consistent, as in the motor theory of speech. (right architecture) Parallel streams in the ARTSPEECH model for learning speaker-independent speech and language meaning, including a mechanism for speaker normalization (right cortical stream) and for learning speaker-dependent vocalic qualities (left cortical stream).<BR>||  left: Speaker-dependent vocalic qualities;  right: Speaker-independent speech and language meaning