p162fig04.38 How long-range cooperation among bipole cells and short-range competition by hypercomplex cells work together to generate the inverted-U in boundary strength that is found in the data of Figure 4.37 (right panel).<BR>|| Cooperation and competition during grouping.<TABLE border="1"><TR><TD><B>few lines</td><TD>wide spacing, inputs outside spatial range of competition, more inputs cause higher bipole activity</td></tr><TR><TD><B>more lines</td><TD>narrower spacing, slightly weakens net input to bipoles from each inducer</td></tr><TR><TD><B>increasing line density</td><TD>causes inhibition to reduce net total input to bipoles</td></tr></table>