p064fig02.10 The Shunting Model includes upper and lower bounds on neuronal activities.  These bound have the effect of multiplying additive terms by excitatory and inhibitory automatic gain terms that enable such models to preserve their sensitivity to inputs whose size may vary greatly in size through time, while also approximately normalizing their total activities.<BR>||  STM: Shunting Model (Grossberg, PNAS 1967, 1968). Mass action in membrane equations. Bi/Ci -> xi(t) -> O -> -Fi/Ei.  Bounded activations, automatic gain control. d[dt: xi(t)] = - Ai*xi + (Bi - Ci*xi)sum[j=1 to n: fj(xj(t))*Dji*yji*zji + Ii] - (Ei*Xi + Fi)*sum[j=1 to n: gj(xj)*Gji*Yji*Zji + Ji].  Includes the Additive Model.